-
1 export modification
Техника: экспортное исполнение -
2 export modification
English-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > export modification
-
3 modification
nмодификация, изменение
- contract modifications
- design modification
- essential modifications
- export modification
- latest modifications
- patented modification
- price modification
- statutory modification
- substantial modification
- modification in the design
- modification of a business cycle
- modification of a L/C
- modification of a plan
- modification of prices
- modification of quality
- modification of terms
- modifications to a contract
- pending modification
- carry out modifications
- develop modifications
- finalize modifications
- include modifications
- introduce modifications
- make modifications
- propose modifications
- require modificationsEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > modification
-
4 export letter of credit
-
5 market
1. сущ.1) эк. рынок; базар (специальное место, где осуществляется торговля)COMBS:
It is cheaper to buy vegetables from the market than from a shop. — Овощи дешевле покупать на рынке, чем в магазине.
Syn:marketplace 1), bazaar 1)See:2) эк. рынок (совокупность продавцов и покупателей какого-л. товара)to place [to put\] goods on the market, to bring goods to market — предлагать товар к продаже
In 1930 the first home laundry machine and refrigerator were put on the market. — В 1930 г. на рынке появилась первая бытовая стиральная машина и холодильник.
ATTRIBUTES [structure\]: actual 1. 1), auction 1. 1), call 1. 1), n6б, captive 1. 1), n4, classical 1. 3), concentrated 1. 1) а), continuous 1. 1) а), first 2. 3) а), forward 1. 1), n4, fourth, imperfect 1. 1), б, inside 2. 1) а), intermediate 2. 2) а), inverted 1. 3), monopolistic, oligopolistic, one-sided 1. 3), one-way 2. 4) а), open outcry, outcry, over-the-counter 2. 1) а), over-the-telephone, parallel 2. 1) а), perfect 1. 1), n2б, pitching, physical 2. 1) а), public 1. 1), n4, pure 1. 1) а), retail 2. 1) а), screen-based, second 1. 1), n2, sideways 2. 6) а), spot 2. 1) а), third 2. 3) а), wholesale 2. 1) а)
ATTRIBUTES [legality\]: administered 1), bear 1. 2), black 1. 3) а), blocked 1. 2) а), controlled, democratic 1), formal 1. 1) а), free 1. 1) а), informal 1), б, illicit, kerb, organized 1), в, overt 1. 2) а), regulated, rigged 1. 2) а)
See:CHILD [product\]: product market, financial market, services market, political market, pollution permit market, related markets CHILD [structure\]: actual market 2), 3), aftermarket 1), auction market, call market, carrying market, cash market, 1), 1), continuous market, double auction market, double-auction market, first market, forward market, fourth market, imperfect market, inside market 2), inter-dealer market, intermediate market, inverted market, monopolistic market, non-exchange market, off-board market, oligopolistic market, one-sided market, one-way market, open outcry market, OTC market, outcry market, 2), over-the-counter market, over-the-counter securities market, over-the-telephone market, parallel market, perfect market, physical market, public market 2), pure market, retail market, screen-based market, second market, spot market, street market 1), third market, upstairs market 2), wholesale market CHILD [legality\]: administered market, bear market 2), black market 1) а), blocked market, closed market, controlled market, formal market, free market, free and open market, informal market, grey market 1) а), illicit market, kerb market, organized market, price-making market, regulated market 1) а), rigged market, self-regulated market, access to market, market access, market disruption, inside market 1), 1), market-determined price3)а) эк. спрос; объем спроса, размер рынка (наличие желающих купить товар; часто используется как характеристика определенной территории)COMBS:
The European market for this product is estimated at $10 billions during next 5 years. — По оценкам, объем европейского рынка этого продукта будет равен 10 млрд долл. в течение ближайших пяти лет.
ATTRIBUTES: actual 1. 1), assured 1. 2), brisk 1. 1), business 1. 4) а), commercial 1. 1), consumer 1. 1), consumers, customer 1. 1), dealer 1. 1), б, enterprise 1. 2) а), government 1. 7) а), heavy user, industrial 1. 1), а, institutional 1. 1), а, manufacturing 2. 1) а), organizational, personal 1. 2) а), potential, producer 1. 1), professional 1. 1), promising, ready 1. 1), reseller, trade 1. 2), world 2. 1) а)
See:actual market 1), assured market, brisk market, business market, commercial market, consumer market, consumers market, consumers' market, customer market, dealer market, enterprise market, government market, heavy-user market, industrial market, institutional market, large-volume market, manufacturing market, organizational market, personal market 1), potential market 1) б), producer market, professional market, promising market, ready market, reseller market, trade market, world market 2) б)б) эк. потребителиATTRIBUTES: brand-loyal, control 3. 1), conventional 3. 2), core 2. 2), exploratory, intended, main 1. 1), mass 3. 1), personal 3. 2), potential, primary 2. 2), n2, principal 2. 2), n1, prospective, target 3. 1), test 3. 1), traditional
Syn:See:brand-loyal market, control market, conventional market, core market, exploratory market, intended market, main market 2), personal market 2), potential market 2) а), primary market 2), principal market 1) а), prospective market, target market, test market, traditional market, market acceptance, market attritionв) марк. рынок сбыта ( географический район)ATTRIBUTES: colonial, domestic 2) а), export 3. 2) а), external 1. 2) а), foreign 1. 1) а), global 1. 1) а), home 2. 2) а), internal 1. 2) а), international 1. 1) а), dispersed, distant 1. 1) а), local 1. 1) а), national 1. 1) а), nation-wide, nationwide, overseas 1. 2) а), regional, scattered 1. 1) а), world 2. 1) а), world-wide
Syn:See:colonial market, domestic market 1), export market, external market 1), foreign market 1), global market, home market, internal market 1), 2), international market, dispersed market, distant market, local market, national market, nation-wide market, overseas market, regional market, scattered market, world market 1), worldwide market, new-to-market, old-to-marketг) марк. = market segmentATTRIBUTES:
ATTRIBUTES: concentrated 1) а), craft 1. 1) а), demographic, downscale 1. 2) а), heterogeneous, homogeneous, high-income, low-end, metro, metropolitan, middle-aged, middle-class, mid-range, military, rural, specialized, specialty, silver 2. 3) а), upscale 1. 2) а), youth 2. 4) а)
See:black market 2), 2), craft market, demographic market, downmarket, down-market, downscale market, heterogeneous market, homogeneous market, high-income market, low-end market, lower end of the market, middle-aged market, middle-class market, mid-range market, military market 2) б), specialized market, specialty market, silver market 1) б), upscale market, youth market4) эк. конъюнктура, уровень цен, состояние рынка (состояние рынка в значении 2, с точки зрения активности продавцов и покупателей и соответствующей динамики изменения цен)ATTRIBUTES: active 1. 3), advancing, bid 1. 3), bear 1. 2), barren 1. 3), broad 1. 1), bull 1. 2), close II 2. 3) в), competitive II 2. 2) а), complete 1. 2), confident II 2. 1) а), congested, contango, contestable, crossed II 2. 2) а), crowded II 2. 1) а), а, dead 1. 2), declining, deep II 2. 2) а), depressed II 2. 2) а), б, differentiated, dull II 2. 1) а), efficient II 2. 1) а), б, emerging, established II 2. 1) а), expanding, falling, fast II 1. 2) а), fertile II 2. 1) а), firm I 1. 1) а), flat I 2. 4) а), graveyard, growing 1. 1), growth II 2. 1) а), heavy II 2. 1) а), inactive II 2. 2) а), increasing, jumpy II 2. 1) а), б, languid II 2. 2) а), limited II 2. 1) а), liquid I 2. 6) а), locked II 2. 2) а), lucrative, mature 1. 2), narrow 1. 1), nervous I 2. 5) б), normal I 1. 5) б), offered, overstocked II 2. 1) а), а, pegged I 1. 3) б), present I 2. 2) б), price-sensitive, productive I 1. 3) б), profitable II 2. 1) а), protected, recession-hit, restricted II 2. 1) а), restrictive II 2. 1) а), rising, sagging I 2. 2) б), saturated I 1. 3) б), seller II 2. 1) а), а, selective I 2. 5) б), sensitive I 2. 4) б), short 1. 1), shrinking, slack I 2. 2) б), sluggish II 2. 2) а), soft I 2. 4) б), sold-out, stable I 2. 1) б), stagnant II 2. 1) а), static I 2. 2) б), steady 1. 1), stiff 1. 1), б, strong II 2. 2) а), technically strong, technically weak, tight I 2. 4) б), wide II 2. 1) а)
See:active market, advancing market, bid market, bear market 1), Big Emerging Markets, broad market, bull market, buyers' market, close market, competitive market, complete market, contango market, contestable market, crossed market, crowded market, dead market, declining market, deep market, depressed market, differentiated market, dull market, efficient market, emerging market, established market, expanding market, fast market, fertile market, firm market, flat market, growing market, inactive market, jumpy market, languid market, lemons market, limited market, liquid market, locked market, lucrative market, market of lemons, mature market, narrow market, normal market, offered market, overstocked market, pegged market, present market, price-sensitive market, productive market, profitable market, protected market, recession-hit market, restricted market, restrictive market, rising market, sagging market, saturated market, sellers market, seller's market, sellers' market, selective market, sensitive market, short market, shrinking market, slack market, sluggish market, soft market, sold-out market, stable market, stagnant market, static market, steady market, stiff market, strong market, technically strong market, technically weak market, tight market, wide market5) эк., амер. розничный магазин (обычно специализированный, напр., мясной, рыбный)6) эк., пол. рынок (принцип устройства экономической системы, предусматривающий свободное формирование цен под воздействием спроса и предложения)See:7) межд. эк. рынок (экономический союз нескольких стран, в основе которого лежит создание единого торгового пространства для товаров, услуг и факторов производства)ATTRIBUTES: common 1) а), single 2) а)
See:common market, single market, Andean Common Market, Arab Common Market, Central American Common Market, Central American Common Market, common market, Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa2. гл.1) эк. продавать, реализовывать, распространятьto receive approval from X agency to market the product — получить разрешение от органа Х на распространение продукта
2) марк. осуществлять маркетинг, позиционировать, продвигатьE-mail is recognized as the easiest and cheapest way to market your organization, your programs, and your issues. — Электронная почта считается самым легким и недорогим способом продвижения [рекламирования\] вашей организации, ваших программ и вашей работы.
See:3. прил.1) эк. рыночныйAnt:market age, market animal, market livestock, market output, market place, market quality 1), market services, market stall, market weight 1)See:market activity 1), market behaviour 2), market capitalism, 1), market competition, market conduct, market discipline, market economy, market exchange, market fundamentalism, market ideology, market mechanism, market mode of coordination, market order of worth, market political culture, market sector 3), market socialism, market system, market transactionSee:market absorption, market acceptance, market activity 2), market appraisal, market area, market attractiveness, market attrition, market audience, market basket, market behaviour 1), market breadth, market break, market breakdown, market cap, market capacity, market capitalization, market challenger, 2), market clearance 2), market clearing, market communications, market composition, market concentration, market condition, market conditions 2), market coverage, market decline, market definition, market demand, market depth, market disequilibrium, market dominance, market dynamics, market equilibrium, market expectation, market expectations, market failure, market focus, market follower, market form, market glut, market grade, 1), market growth, market homogeneity, market interest rate, market intermediary, market jitters, market leader, market leadership, market level 2), market maker, market making, market needs, market nicher, market organization, market out, market participant, market partnership, market pattern, market position, market potential, market power, market presence, market pressure, market price, market profile, market quality 2), market quotation, market rate, market rate of interest, market range, market reaction, market requirements, market resistance, market response, market return, market satisfaction, market saturation, market segment, market selection, market sensitivity, market sentiment, market share, market situation 1), market size, market stability, market standard, market standing, market structure, market supply, market tone, market trader, market trend, market undertone, market user, market value, market value added, market volume, market weight 2) Market EyeSee:market analysis, market analyst, market approach, market arbitrage, market audit, market average, market barrier, market build-up, market channel, market clearance 1), market closing, market conditions 1), market conversion price, market cycle, market data, market development, market discount, market entry, market evidence, market exit, market expansion, market experiment, market exploration, market exposure, market factor, market fluctuation, market fluctuations, market forces, market forecast, market forecasting, 2), market hours, market incentive, market index, market indicator, market information, market inroad, market intelligence, market interface, market investigation, market letter, market level 1), market liquidity, market manager, market mapping, market matching, market maximization, market model, market modification, market movement, market multiple, market niche, market node, market opening, market opportunity, market order, market orientation, market outlet, market penetration, market performance, market period, market plan, market planning, market portfolio, market positioning, market prognosis, market ratio, market report, market research, market researcher, market reversal, market review, market risk, market rollout, market sector 1), &2, market segmentation, market selectivity, market sharing, market signal, market situation 2), market skimming, market specialist, market specialization, market stimulant, market strategy, market study, market survey, market sweep, market target, market targeting, market test, market testing, market timer, market timing2) эк. товарный, рыночный ( предназначенный для продажи на рынке)market fish — товарная рыба, рыба для продажи
market stock — товарный скот, скот для продажи
market vegetables — товарные овощи, овощи для продажи
Syn:marketable 3)See:market age, market animal, market livestock, market output, market place, market quality 1), market services, market stall, market weight 1)
* * *
market; Mkt; mart 1) рынок: организованная или неформальная система торговли товарами, услугами или финансовыми инструментами на основе четких правил (напр., фондовая биржа); 2) рыночные цены, состояние конъюнктуры; 3) совокупность людей или юридических лиц, предъявляющих текущий или потенциальный спрос на товары услуги; равнозначно спросу; 4) основные участники финансового рынка: дилеры, торгующие за свой счет, посредники и покупатели; 5) = marketplace; 6) рынок как столкновение спроса и предложения покупателей и продавцов, в результате которого определяется цена товара; 7) (to) продавать; см. marketing; 8) = market value; 9) "The Market"= Dow Jones Industrial Average.* * *рынок; рыночное хозяйство; рыночная экономика; рыночный механизм; спрос; конъюнктура. Как правило, употребляется применительно к фондовому рынку. 'Сегодня рынок упал' означает, что в этот день стоимость сделок на фондовом рынке снизилась . Инвестиционная деятельность .* * *организованное собрание/встреча людей, на которой происходит торговля ценными бумагами-----территория, на которой встречаются продавцы и покупатели, чтобы обменяться тем, что представляет ценность-----конъюнктурный обзор; бюллетень о состоянии рынка -
6 product
сущ.1)а) эк. продукт, изделие, товар (предмет, созданный человеком, машиной или природой; чаще всего имеются в виду предметы, созданные с целью продажи); мн. продукцияfood products — продукты, продовольственные товары
high-quality product — товар высокого качества, высококачественный [первоклассный\] товар
premium quality [premium grade\] product — товар высшего сорта [качества\], товар класса премиум-класса
undiscounted products — товары, продаваемые без скидки
fairly-priced product — товар по приемлемой [справедливой\] цене
See:acceptable product, accessory product, actual product, adulterated product, advanced technology products, ageing product, agricultural product, alimentary products, allied products, all-meat product, alternative products, ancillary product, anonymous product, augmented product, bakery products 1), basic product, beauty product, best-selling product, business products, by-product 1), &3, capitalized product, captive product, characteristic product, 2), co-product, commercialized product, commodity product, common product, comparable products, competing products, competiting products, competitive product, competitive products, complementary products, complete product, complicated product, conforming product, consumer products, consumer durable product, convenience products, core product, crop products, custom-designed product, customized product, custom-made product, declining product, deficient product, dehydrated product, differentiated product, diminishing marginal product, disposable product, diversified products, DIY product, do-it-yourself product, domestic product, durable products, egg product, electronics products, end product 2), &3, energy-saving product, entrenched product, essential product, established product, ethical product, ethnic product, everyday product, exclusive product, export products, fair trade product, fairly traded product, fairtrade product, fighting product, final product 1), а&2, financial product, food products, foreign products, formal product, functional product, generic product, global product, green products, grooming product, hair-care product, half-finished product, harmful product, health product, hedonic product, heterogeneous product, high performance product, high quality product, high-interest product 1), high-involvement products, high-margin product, high-reliability product, high-risk product, high-tech product, high-turnover product, high-value product, home-grown product, home-produced product, homogeneous product, hot product, household cleaning product, household maintenance products, household product, hygiene product, imitative product, imperfect product, import products, import-sensitive products, impulse product, industrial product, inferior product, information product, innovative product, in-process product, intangible product, interlocking products, intermediate product, investigated product, joint product, key product, knowledge-intensive product, known product, laundry products, lead product, leading edge product, leisure products, leisure-time products, licensed product, line extension product, livestock product, low-interest product 1), low-involvement products, low-value product, luxury product, main product 2), &3, manufactured products, marginal physical product, marginal product, mature product, me-too product, metal product, misbranded product, multinational product, multiple-use product 2), mundane product, national product, necessary product, necessity product, new product, no-name product, nonconforming product, non-conforming product, non-durable products, nonfood products, non-standard product, novel product, office products, off-price product, off-standard product, oil products, one-shot product, optional product, over-engineered product, paper products, parity products, patentable product, patented product, patent-protected product, payment product, pension product, pharmaceutical product, physical product, plant products, potential product, premium product, prestige products, price-sensitive product, primary products, prime product, printed products, private brand products, private label products, processed product, qualified product, quality products, ready-made product, rejected product, related product, replacement product, representative product, retirement product, revenue product, revised product, safe product, saleable product, salutary product, satisfactory product, scarce product, second generation product, secondary product, semi-finished products, shoddy product, sideline product, single-use product, skill-intensive product, slow-moving product, social product, sophisticated product, standardized products, sugared product, superior product, supplementary products, surplus product, synthetic product, tainted products, tangible product, tied product, tied products, tinned products, tobacco products 1), tying products, unacceptable product, unbranded product, unidentified product, unpatented product, unsafe product, unsaleable product, unsatisfactory product, utilitarian product, vendible product, viable product, wanted product, well-designed product, worthwhile product, product acceptability, product acceptance, product adaptability, product adaptation, product addition, product advertising, product analysis, product announcement, product application, product area, product arsenal, product assessment, product association, product assortment, product assurance, product augmentation, product availability, product awareness, product benefit, product billing, product brand, product branding, product bundling, product capabilities, product category, product choice, product claim, product class, product classification, product company, product compatibility, product competition, product comprehension, product concept, product conception, product control, product copy, product cost, product costing, product coverage, product cycle, product decision, product deletion, product demand, product demonstration, product departmentalization, product design, product development, product differences, product differentiation, product display, product distribution network, product diversification, product division, product element, product elimination, product engineering, product enhancement, product evaluation, product evolution, product exchange, product exhaustion, product expansion, product extension, product failure, product family, product field, product flows, product form, product graduation, product group, product homogeneity, product idea, product image, product improvement, product inflation, product innovation, product inspection, product integrity, product introduction, product invention, product item, product knowledge, product label, product labelling, product layout, product leveraging, product liability, product life, product life cycle, product line, product lineup, product literature, product management, product manager, product manual, product market, product marketing, product matching, product message, product mix, product modification, product name, product nameplate, product offering, product opportunity, product organization, product orientation, product origin, product patent, product perception, product performance, product personality, product placement, product plan, product planner, product planning, product policy, product portfolio, product position, product positioning, product preference, product presentation, product price, product pricing, product profile, product proliferation, product promotion, product proof, product protection, product publicity, product puffery, product quality, product quantity, product range, product rationalization, product recall, product release, product requirements, product research, product research and development, product retailer, product revision, product revolution, product safety, product sales, product sample, product sampling, product satisfaction, product segment, product segmentation, product shortage, product specialization, product specifications, product standard, product statement, product strategy, product structure, product style, product styling, product subline, product superiority, product survey, product tangibility, product team, product technology, product test, product testimony, product testing, product trial, product type, product uniformity, product usage, product validation, product variation, product variety, product warranty, endorse a product, Central Product Classification, Certificate of Pharmaceutical Product, Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers, Clay Product and Refractory Manufacturing, debt-for-products swapб) эк. продукт, объем продукции ( количество произведенных товаров или услуг)company's product — продукция компании, товары компании
See:2) общ. результат, продукт (итог какой-л. деятельности)History is the product of social and economic forces. — История — это результат взаимодействия общественных и экономических факторов.
the product of this activity is radiation — в результате этой деятельности появляется радиация.
See:3) мат. произведение ( результат умножения двух чисел)
* * *
продукт, товар: что-либо производимое для продажи.* * ** * *. . Словарь экономических терминов .* * * -
7 product
ком., марк. продукт; продукція; виріб; товар; фабрикат все, що задовольняє потреби людини у процесах виробництва, обміну, розподілу і споживання — це товари (goods), послуги (service¹), ідеї, діяльність і т. ін.; ♦ продукт визначається ознаками користі і якості, він розрізняється за назвою торговельної марки (trademark), упаковкою (packaging) і т. ін.═════════■═════════agricultural products сільськогосподарська продукція; ancillary products допоміжні продукти; animal products продукти тваринного походження; animal and plant products продукти рослинного і тваринного походження; auxiliary products допоміжні продукти; basic products основні продукти; branded products продукти з фабричною маркою • продукти з торговельною маркою; bulky products громіздкі товари; by-product побічний продукт • проміжний виріб; capital-intensive product капіталомістка продукція; certified product сертифікований продукт; chemical products хімічна продукція; commercial product товарна продукція; comparable product порівняльна продукція; competitive product конкурентоспроможна продукція; consumer products споживчі товари; core product основний продукт; custom-made product виріб, виготовлений на замовлення; dairy products молочні продукти; different products різноманітні продукти; diversified products багато-номенклатурна продукція; domestic products вітчизняна продукція • товари внутрішнього виробництва; end-product кінцевий продукт • готовий виріб; environment-friendly product продукт, сприятливіший для довкілля; excess product надлишковий продукт • зайвий продукт; export products експортна продукція; factory products фабричні вироби • продукція виробництва; final product кінцевий продукт • готова продукція; finished product готовий виріб; food products харчові продукти • продовольчі товари; foreign products товари закордонного виробництва; forest products продукція лісової промисловості; formal product формальний продукт; fresh products свіжа продукція; frozen products заморожені товари; generic product немарочні продукти; good quality products високоякісні вироби; green-labelled product екологічно чистий продукт; gross product валовий продукт; gross domestic product; gross national product; health care products продукти для догляду за здоров'ям; high-grade product високоякісний виріб; household products товар домашнього вжитку; imported products імпортна продукція; improved product удосконалений виріб; industrial products промислові вироби; inedible products неїстівні продукти; intermediate product проміжний продукт; intangible product нематеріальний продукт; joint products продукція спільного виробництва (напр. газ і кокс із вугілля) • супутні товари; labour-intensive product трудомісткий продукт; licensed product продукція, вироблена за ліцензією; listed products номенклатура виробів; made-to-order product виріб, виготовлений на замовлення; main product основний продукт; manufactured products товари фабричного виробництва • готовий виріб; marginal product граничний продукт • виріб із гранично можливими характеристиками; marketable product популярна продукція; multi-use product продукт багаторазового використання • продукт багаторазового вжитку; national product (NP) національний продукт; net product чистий продукт; net domestic product чистий внутрішній продукт; net material product чистий продукт матеріального виробництва; net national product чистий національний продукт; nonpatentable product непатентоспроможний виріб; nonstandard product нестандартний виріб; nonstorable product продукція, яка не підлягає збереженню; obsolete product застарілий продукт; patentable product патентоспроможний продукт; patented product запатентований продукт; perishable product швидкопсувний продукт • продукт, що швидко псується; physical product фізичний продукт; primary product первинний продукт; processed product перероблений продукт; promoted product рекламований товар; proven product перевірений продукт; ready-made product готовий виріб; rejected product забракований виріб; related products споріднені продукти; returned product повернений продукт; revised product поновлена продукція • модернізована продукція; rival product конкуруючий продукт; saleable products популярна продукція; secondary product побічний продукт • вторинний продукт; semifinished product напівфабрикат; semimanufactured product напівфабрикат; semiprocessed product напівфабрикат; serial products серійна продукція; software product програмний продукт; spoiled products зіпсовані товари; standard products стандартна продукція; standardized product нормований продукт; staple product основний продукт; substitute product продукт-замінник • ерзац; tangible product матеріальний продукт; total product сукупний продукт; unfinished products напівфабрикати; unmarketable products непопулярна продукція; unpatented product незапатентований продукт; useless product непридатний продукт; waste products відходи виробництва═════════□═════════product attributes властивості продукції; product characteristics характеристика продукції; product combination асортимент продукції • товарна номенклатура; product cost; product description опис виробу; product design проектування продукту; product development розробка нової продукції; product differentiation диференціація продукції; product group товарна група; product image образ товару; product information інформація про продукт; product innovation новий виріб • нова продукція; product knowledge дані про продукт; product labelling маркування продукції • наліплювання етикеток на продукт; product liability insurance страхування відповідальності за якість продукту; product life cycle (PLC) життєвий цикл продукту; product line; product manager керівник випуску продукції; product market ринок продукції; product mix; product modification модифікація продукту; product placing розміщення продукції; product placement розміщення продукції; product planning планування випуску продукції; product portfolio асортимент продукції; product protection захист продукту; product range асортимент продукції • номенклатура виробів; product recall відкликання продукту; product selection добір продукції; product sheet карта технологічного процесу; product specialization виробнича спеціалізація; product standard виробничий стандарт; product subsidy субсидія на виробництво продукції; product unit одиниця продукції; product variety різноманітність продукції; product width асортимент продукції • номенклатура виробів; to advertise a product рекламувати продукт; to assess a product оцінювати/оцінити продукт; to demonstrate a product демонструвати/продемонструвати продукт; to design product проектувати/спроектувати продукт • планувати/спланувати продукт; to develop products розробляти/ розробити продукти; to evaluate a product оцінювати/оцінити продукт; to exhibit products експонувати продукцію; to feature products експонувати продукцію; to guarantee a product гарантувати якість виробів • забезпечувати/забезпечити якість продуктів; to label a product позначати/позначити виріб; to launch a product випускати/випустити продукт • починати/почати випуск продукту; to list products укладати/укласти список товарів; to manufacture products виробляти/виробити продукцію • виготовляти/виготовити продукцію; to process products переробляти/переробити продукцію; to sell products продавати/продати продукти; to show products експонувати продукти; to store products розміщати/розмістити товар на складіproduct ‡ B. four principles of marketing (386)▹▹ product line▹▹ product mix* * *( banking) банківський продукт; банківська послуга -
8 data
цифровое, аналоговое или знаковое представление информации (текст, числа, звук, сигналы, изображения), полученной из наблюдений, измерений, экспериментов и/или вычислений; используются для её хранения, передачи и получения новой информации путём соответствующей обработки данных. Термин происходит от латинского слова datum. Термин обычно употребляется как во множественном, так и в единственном числе, однако в научной литературе для единственного числа может употребляться термин datumсм. тж. confidential data, conflicting data, corrupted data, data abstraction, data acquisition, data administrator, data aggregate, data appending, data area, data architect, data array, data attribute, data backup, data bank, database, data block, data buffer, data bulk, data bus, data cache, data capture, data center, data channel, data cleaning, data collection, data communications, data compaction, data compression, data control, data conversion, data cube, data declaration, data deletion, data dependency, data dictionary, data diddling, data domain, data element, data encapsulation, data entry, data export, data extraction, data field, data flow, data format, data glove, data independence, data insertion, data integrity, data leakage, data link, data localization, data manipulation, data mapping, data mart, data medium, data migration, data mining, data model, data modification, data network, data parallelism, data partitioning, data prefetching, data protection, data recovery, data redundancy, data scrubbing, data semantics, data series, metadata, temporary data, terrain data, test data, textual data, trace data, training data, unstructured dataАнгло-русский толковый словарь терминов и сокращений по ВТ, Интернету и программированию. > data
-
9 Chapelon, André
[br]b. 26 October 1892 Saint-Paul-en-Cornillon, Loire, Franced. 29 June 1978 Paris, France[br]French locomotive engineer who developed high-performance steam locomotives.[br]Chapelon's technical education at the Ecole Centrale des Arts et Manufactures, Paris, was interrupted by extended military service during the First World War. From experience of observing artillery from the basket of a captive balloon, he developed a method of artillery fire control which was more accurate than that in use and which was adopted by the French army.In 1925 he joined the motive-power and rolling-stock department of the Paris-Orléans Railway under Chief Mechanical Engineer Maurice Lacoin and was given the task of improving the performance of its main-line 4–6–2 locomotives, most of them compounds. He had already made an intensive study of steam locomotive design and in 1926 introduced his Kylchap exhaust system, based in part on the earlier work of the Finnish engineer Kyläla. Chapelon improved the entrainment of the hot gases in the smokebox by the exhaust steam and so minimized back pressure in the cylinders, increasing the power of a locomotive substantially. He also greatly increased the cross-sectional area of steam passages, used poppet valves instead of piston valves and increased superheating of steam. PO (Paris-Orléans) 4–6–2s rebuilt on these principles from 1929 onwards proved able to haul 800-ton trains, in place of the previous 500-ton trains, and to do so to accelerated schedules with reduced coal consumption. Commencing in 1932, some were converted, at the time of rebuilding, into 4–8–0s to increase adhesive weight for hauling heavy trains over the steeply graded Paris-Toulouse line.Chapelon's principles were quickly adopted on other French railways and elsewhere.H.N. Gresley was particularly influenced by them. After formation of the French National Railways (SNCF) in 1938, Chapelon produced in 1941 a prototype rebuilt PO 2–10–0 freight locomotive as a six-cylinder compound, with four low-pressure cylinders to maximize expansive use of steam and with all cylinders steam-jacketed to minimize heat loss by condensation and radiation. War conditions delayed extended testing until 1948–52. Meanwhile Chapelon had, by rebuilding, produced in 1946 a high-powered, three-cylinder, compound 4–8–4 intended as a stage in development of a proposed range of powerful and thermally efficient steam locomotives for the postwar SNCF: a high-speed 4–6–4 in this range was to run at sustained speeds of 125 mph (200 km/h). However, plans for improved steam locomotives were then overtaken in France by electriflcation and dieselization, though the performance of the 4–8–4, which produced 4,000 hp (3,000 kW) at the drawbar for the first time in Europe, prompted modification of electric locomotives, already on order, to increase their power.Chapelon retired from the SNCF in 1953, but continued to act as a consultant. His principles were incorporated into steam locomotives built in France for export to South America, and even after the energy crisis of 1973 he was consulted on projects to build improved, high-powered steam locomotives for countries with reserves of cheap coal. The eventual fall in oil prices brought these to an end.[br]Bibliography1938, La Locomotive à vapeur, Paris: J.B.Bailière (a comprehensive summary of contemporary knowledge of every function of the locomotive).Further ReadingH.C.B.Rogers, 1972, Chapelon, Genius of French Steam, Shepperton: Ian Allan.1986, "André Chapelon, locomotive engineer: a survey of his work", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 58 (a symposium on Chapelon's work).Obituary, 1978, Railway Engineer (September/October) (makes reference to the technical significance of Chapelon's work).PJGR
См. также в других словарях:
Modification and Replacement Parts Association — This article is about the aircraft parts trade association. For the radar plotting aid see Mini Automatic Radar Plotting Aid. The Modification and Replacement Parts Association is the Washington, D.C. based trade association that represents… … Wikipedia
List of Statutory Instruments of the United Kingdom, 2007 — This is an incomplete list of Statutory Instruments of the United Kingdom in 2007. NOTOC 1 100* Cider and Perry and Wine and Made wine (Amendment) Regulations 2007 S.I. 2007/4 * Customs and Excise (Personal Reliefs for Special Visitors)… … Wikipedia
List of Statutory Instruments of the United Kingdom, 2006 — This is an incomplete list of Statutory Instruments of the United Kingdom in 2006. NOTOC 1 100* Public Contracts Regulations 2006 S.I. 2006/5 * Utilities Contracts Regulations 2006 S.I. 2006/6 * M6 Motorway (Junction 36, Town Head Bridge Parapet… … Wikipedia
Gene expression — For vocabulary, see Glossary of gene expression terms. For a non technical introduction to the topic, see Introduction to genetics. Genes are expressed by being transcribed into RNA, and this transcript may then be translated into protein. Gene… … Wikipedia
List of Statutory Instruments of the United Kingdom, 1990 — NOTOC This is a complete list of all 1646 Statutory Instruments published in the United Kingdom in the year 1990.1 100* Caseins and Caseinates (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 1990 S.I. 1990/1 * Personal Community Charge (Relief) (England)… … Wikipedia
List of Statutory Instruments of the United Kingdom, 1992 — This is a complete list of all 1922 Statutory Instruments published in the United Kingdom in the year 1992. NOTOC 1 100* North Hull Housing Action Trust (Transfer of Property) Order 1992 S.I. 1992/1 * Merchant Shipping (Radio Installations)… … Wikipedia
List of Statutory Instruments of the United Kingdom, 1996 — This is a complete list of all 2071 Statutory Instruments published in the United Kingdom in the year 1996. NOTOC 1 100* Insurance Companies (Pension Business)(Transitional Provisions) (Amendment) Regulations 1996 S.I. 1996/1 * Sea Fishing… … Wikipedia
$PATH — Variable d environnement En informatique, les variables d’environnement sont des variables dynamiques utilisées par les différents processus d’un système d’exploitation (Windows, Unix, etc.). Elles servent à communiquer des informations entre… … Wikipédia en Français
$path — Variable d environnement En informatique, les variables d’environnement sont des variables dynamiques utilisées par les différents processus d’un système d’exploitation (Windows, Unix, etc.). Elles servent à communiquer des informations entre… … Wikipédia en Français
%SystemRoot% — Variable d environnement En informatique, les variables d’environnement sont des variables dynamiques utilisées par les différents processus d’un système d’exploitation (Windows, Unix, etc.). Elles servent à communiquer des informations entre… … Wikipédia en Français
Systemroot — Variable d environnement En informatique, les variables d’environnement sont des variables dynamiques utilisées par les différents processus d’un système d’exploitation (Windows, Unix, etc.). Elles servent à communiquer des informations entre… … Wikipédia en Français
